What are Zinsco Panels?
Zinsco electrical panels are a type of electrical distribution panel manufactured by the Zinsco Electric Products Company, which was active during the mid-20th century, primarily in the United States. Here’s an overview:
History:
- Zinsco, short for Zinsmeister, was established in the early 1940s. Over the years, the panels were rebranded several times, often being found under names like Sylvania and GTE Sylvania due to corporate mergers and rebranding efforts.
Design Features:
- Color-Coded Breakers: One of the most noticeable features of Zinsco panels is the use of color-coded handles for the circuit breakers. Typically, each row of breakers alternates between two colors, often red and green, with the R38 dual breakers being particularly iconic.
- Compact Design: Zinsco panels were designed with space efficiency in mind, including the R38 breaker which could provide 240 volts from a single breaker space, making it popular for its time.
- Aluminum Bus Bars: Like many manufacturers during the era, Zinsco turned to aluminum to conserve copper, especially during times of material shortages.
Safety Concerns:
- Aluminum Corrosion: The aluminum used in the bus bars of Zinsco panels tends to corrode over time, leading to:
- Loose Connections: This corrosion can cause the connections between breakers and bus bars to loosen, which can generate heat and potentially lead to fires.
- Breaker Failure:
- Failure to Trip: Perhaps most critically, Zinsco breakers have a high rate of failure to trip during an overload or short circuit, meaning they might not shut off power when they’re supposed to, increasing the risk of fire.
- Melting to Bus Bars: Over time, the breakers can actually melt or fuse to the bus bar, making them difficult to remove or replace without causing damage.
Identification:
- To identify a Zinsco panel, look for:
- Zinsco or Sylvania Label on the panel.
- Distinctive Color-Coded Breakers.
- Model Numbers like “R38” for dual breakers.
Current Status:
- No Formal Recall: Despite their known issues, Zinsco panels have not been formally recalled by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
- Industry Recognition: The electrical and home inspection industries widely recognize Zinsco panels as hazardous. Professional bodies like the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI) and the American Society of Home Inspectors (ASHI) have highlighted these panels in their standards and practices.
- Insurance Concerns: Many insurance companies are hesitant to insure homes with Zinsco panels due to the fire risk they pose.
Recommendations:
- Replacement: The general recommendation from professionals is to replace Zinsco panels with modern, safer panels. This involves:
- Hiring a Licensed Electrician: Only a professional should handle the replacement due to the complexity and safety issues involved.
- Fully Removing the Zinsco Panel: Not just replacing breakers but the whole panel due to the inherent design flaws.
In summary, Zinsco panels, once a symbol of innovation in electrical distribution, are now recognized as a significant safety hazard due to their design and material choices. Homeowners with these panels are advised to seek professional advice and consider panel replacement to ensure their home’s safety and insurability.